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Plasma and Debye Shielding

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  Plasma Generally, we know three different states of matter i.e. solid, liquid and gas. But there is another fourth states of matter called plasma. Plasma is formed when the third state of matter i.e. gas is ionized by applying some energy(Heat energy at high temperature or electromagnetic field) to it. Every ionized gas will not be the plasma. To become a plasma, ionized gas must obey the two properties, They are quasi neutrality behavior and the collective behavior. If the plasma density is very high it can block radiations like x-ray, Gamma ray etc. Quasi neutrality behavior: When the number of the positive charge density (ions) is equal to the negative charge density (electrons) then that behavior is called the Quasi neutrality behavior.   Positive charge density (ions)is denoted by n i and the   negative charge density (electrons ) is denoted by n e . Collective behavior: Collective behavior in plasma means, each charge particle in plasma interact with other partic
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Short note of Fortrat Diagram -Msc. II Semester

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Here, today we are going to take a short note about the Fortrat diagram which is explained below in brief. If you want to know more about this you can search in wikkipedia which is aside in our blog options menu. Now, lets start this, Normally Fortrat diagram is applicable in the diatomic molecules.   The frequency in wave number for P,R,Q branches in terms of parameters p and q is ϑ ̅P,R = (ϑ ) ̅(ϑ',ϑ'')+((β' ) ̅ + (β' ) ̅')p+ ((β' ) ̅ + (β' ) ̅')p2  -------------------1 ϑ ̅Q = = (ϑ ) ̅(ϑ',ϑ'')+((β' ) ̅ + (β' ) ̅')q+ ((β' ) ̅ + (β' ) ̅')q2  ------------------------2 Each of these equations represents a parabola, p taking the both positive and negative values while q is positive only. These parabola are usually referred  to as Fortrat parabola and these parabola are called the Fortart Diagram. Fortrat diagram explain the multivariate nature of the rotational transition. The Fortrat diagram gives information regardi
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Mathematical Physics-I Semester Sample Model Question From TU-CDP( Central Department of Physics)

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This is the sample question of the mathematical physics first semester received from the central department of physics, Tribhuwan University, Kritipur. Student of the physics and the mathematical subject can take benefit by studying such sample question and make their confidence strong for the upcoming exams. Stay tuned for other sample just like this. This is the first sample and in the future we will post more questions like this.
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Short answer Question of physics - wave and Optics-part-1

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  1. Why is a diver underwater unable to hear the sound produced in air outside? Answer:   Yes, a diver under water unable to hear the sound produced in air outside. When a portion of sound is produced in air outside and travels towards the surface of water then, a large portion of the sound energy is reflected from the surface of the water and only a little bit fraction of sound energy(=0.1%) enters into the water suffering refraction. 2. What are the mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves? Give reason. Answer:  Those waves which required material medium to travel from one place to another are called the mechanical waves, such as sound waves rubber or rope under tension etc. And Those waves are called the electromagnetic waves  which required no material medium to travel . They can travel even in the empty space. Such as light waves, radio waves, infrared and ultraviolet radiations etc.  3.What are the transverse wave and the longitudinal waves ?  Answer: If the particles of the m
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